In ruby some times you want to iterate over an array and remove items that meet certain conditions, if using each the results may be unexpected.

require 'pp'
arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
pp arr
# => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

arr.each do |x|
   if x > 3
      arr.delete( x )
   end
end
pp arr
# => [1, 2, 3, 5, 7]

5 and 7 were above 3 last time I checked, what is happening.
NB: ^ points to the current item of the iterator.

#    [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
#     ^                 -> 1 fails x > 3
#    [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
#       ^               -> 2 fails x > 3
#    [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
#         ^             -> 3 fails x > 3
#    [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
#           ^           -> 4 true  x > 3, delete
#    [1,2,3,5,6,7,8]    -- Intermidiate Array, before each is incremented
#           ^
#    [1,2,3,5,6,7,8]    -- Number 5 has slipped through the evaluation
#             ^         -> 6 true x > 3, delete
#    [1,2,3,5,7,8]      -- Intermidiate Array
#             ^
#    [1,2,3,5,7,8]      -- Number 7 has slipped through
#               ^       -> 8 true x > 3, delete
#    return [1,2,3,5,7] #Not what we expected from the code.

Introducing delete_if

require 'pp'
arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

arr.delete_if do |x| 
   test = x > 3
   
   # Do something when not being deleted
   if not test
      puts x
   end
   test
end
pp arr
# => [1, 2, 3]