Why a static CMOS gate is always inverting, how series and parallel transistor networks turn into NAND and NOR, why NOR2 is the slower of the pair, and where the extra two transistors in an AND gate go.
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Digital Design 01: Mask sets, and how a transistor gets built
What a photomask is, the sequence of masks that turns a blank wafer into a MOSFET, why the mask count keeps climbing, the approximate cost of a mask set at each geometry from 250 nm down to 3 nm, and what an A1 metal spin costs against a B0 all-layer respin.
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